220°C is 428°F, Gas Mark 7, and 200°C fan/convection. Classified as a Very Hot Oven — the maximum standard temperature for most domestic ovens and the highest Gas 7 setting. This is the temperature for Yorkshire pudding(requires 220°C — no lower), maximum pork crackling, and theinitial roast blast before reducing. 428°F sits between the US standards425°F (218°C) and 450°F (232°C) — effectively the same as 425°F.
CELSIUS
220°C
conventional
FAHRENHEIT
428°F
≈ 425°F · not 450°F
GAS MARK
Gas 7
highest standard mark
FAN / CONVECT
200°C
−20°C from conv.
✅ 220°C ≈ 425°F (technically 428°F — 2°C above 425°F, completely interchangeable). For US 425°F recipes: use 220°C with no time adjustment.
⚠ 220°C ≠ 450°F. 450°F = 232°C — 12°C hotter. If a US recipe requires 450°F, use the highest setting your oven reaches (often 220–240°C).
220°C is the maximum heat most home cooks will ever use. At this temperature, the Maillard reaction and steam-based processes operate at their domestic peak. Yorkshire pudding demands this exact temperature — no lower will work reliably. Crackling reaches its maximum blistering rate. Bread achieves its most dramatic oven spring. This is the temperature where cooking becomes irreversible in minutes — everything at 220°C needs watching closely.
RECIPE TIMING GUIDE AT 220°C
Yorkshire pudding
20–25 min
Smoking hot fat essential. Do not open oven in first 15 min. Dramatic puff and rise.
Pork crackling (maximum blast)
15–20 min
After slow roast. Skin fully blistered within 15 min at 220°C. Watch every 5 min.
Initial roast blast (any joint)
20 min
Start any roast at 220°C to sear. Then reduce to 180°C for the remainder.
Oven-baked chips (thick-cut)
30–35 min
Maximum crispness. Par-boil 5 min, fluff edges well, hot oil, 220°C, flip halfway.
Bread (oven spring phase)
First 15 min
Load at 220°C for maximum spring, then reduce to 200°C for the crust phase.
Sausages (high heat)
20–25 min
Split and caramelised skin. Turn once halfway through for even colour.
Roasted cherry tomatoes (fast)
12–15 min
Burst, charred, intensely sweet. Concentrated flavour — watch closely at 220°C.
Halloumi (oven-roasted)
12–16 min
Golden, slightly charred exterior. Flip halfway. Only high heat achieves this.
Calzone / folded pizza
14–18 min
Sealed dough needs intense heat to cook through and colour the outside.
Whole baked camembert
18–22 min
Rind golden, cheese fully molten inside. Score top, add thyme and garlic.
220°C is unforgiving. Never leave anything unattended. Minutes matter at this temperature.
220°C
Conventional (fan off)
Maximum standard setting. The highest Gas 7 temperature — Yorkshire pudding, crackling, and initial roast blasts are the primary uses. Preheat 20 minutes minimum.
200°C
Fan / Convection
Reduce by 20°C. 200°C fan is equivalent to conventional 220°C and often gives more even results — the fan distributes heat across the oven, avoiding cold spots that can prevent Yorkshire puddings from rising evenly.
210°C
Fan-assisted (partial fan)
Reduce by 10°C. Very hot fan-assisted mode — good for chips and high-heat roasting where the fan helps dry surfaces.
Gas 7
Gas Mark
Gas Mark 7 = 220°C. The highest standard British gas mark. Most gas oven recipes that require Gas 7 mean 220°C — Yorkshire pudding, crackling, initial roasting.
Roasting oven (top shelf or floor)
AGA / Rayburn
Top shelf or floor of the roasting oven reaches 220°C+. Yorkshire puddings on the floor of the roasting oven (hottest point) are a classic AGA technique.
✓ What you MUST do
Preheat oven to 220°C — minimum
Below 210°C they will not rise properly
Fat must be smoking hot
Heat oil in the tin for 5–8 min in the oven before pouring batter
Batter at room temperature
Cold batter cools the fat too much — make it 1 hour ahead
Fill tins only ⅓ to ½ full
Overfilling prevents the dramatic rise
Bake for full 20–25 min
They look done before they are — finish the time
✗ What you must NEVER do
Open the oven door in the first 15 min
Cold air collapses the risen structure before proteins set
Use cold batter straight from the fridge
Chills the fat, prevents steam generation
Use fat that is not smoking hot
Batter sinks into cool fat instead of steaming upward
Open the tin before serving
Deflates immediately once cold air hits
Use a temperature below 220°C
Steam generation too slow — flat result guaranteed
Oven runs hot
Fix: Set dial to 203–208°C
Oven runs cool
Fix: Set dial to maximum; verify with thermometer
Oven accurate
Fix: Use 220°C as written
At 220°C, oven accuracy is binary — either it reaches the required heat or Yorkshire puddings will not rise. An oven thermometer (£5–10 / $8–15) confirms your maximum. Ovens lose calibration over time — a thermometer reading 195°C when the dial says 220°C explains years of flat Yorkshire pudding.
| °C | °F | Gas Mark | Fan °C | Oven type | Best for |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 160°C | 320°F | Gas 3 | 140°C | Very Slow | Meringues, cheesecakes, custards |
| 170°C | 338°F | Gas 3–4 | 150°C | Slow | Victoria sponge, banana bread |
| 180°C | 356°F | Gas 4 | 160°C | Moderate | Cakes, biscuits, roast chicken |
| 190°C | 374°F | Gas 5 | 170°C | Mod. Hot | Puff pastry, quiche, roast potatoes |
| 200°C | 392°F | Gas 6 | 180°C | Hot | Bread, roast beef, jacket potatoes |
| 210°C | 410°F | Gas 6–7 | 190°C | Very Hot | Pizza, sourdough, crispy chicken |
| 215°C | 419°F | Gas 7 | 195°C | Very Hot | Crackling, chicken thighs, beef fillet |
| 220°C | 428°F | Gas 7 | 200°C | Very Hot | Yorkshire pudding, max crackling, initial blast |
200°C / 392°F Oven Temperature Guide
Calculate instantly →
205°C / 401°F Oven Temperature Guide
Calculate instantly →
210°C / 410°F Oven Temperature Guide
Calculate instantly →
215°C / 419°F Oven Temperature Guide
Calculate instantly →
Cups to Grams — Flour Calculator
Calculate instantly →
Cups to Grams — Sugar Calculator
Calculate instantly →
160°C / 320°F Oven Temperature Guide
Calculate instantly →
165°C / 329°F Oven Temperature Guide
Calculate instantly →
170°C / 338°F Oven Temperature Guide
Calculate instantly →
200°C Oven Temperature
Calculate instantly →
180°C Oven Temperature
Calculate instantly →
220°C Oven Temperature
Calculate instantly →
190°C Oven Temperature
Calculate instantly →
Oven Temperature Converter
Calculate instantly →
Cups to Grams — Butter Calculator
Calculate instantly →
175°C / 347°F Oven Temperature Guide
Calculate instantly →
180°C / 356°F Oven Temperature Guide
Calculate instantly →
185°C / 365°F Oven Temperature Guide
Calculate instantly →
190°C / 374°F Oven Temperature Guide
Calculate instantly →
220°C = 428°F = Gas Mark 7 = 200°C fan · Maximum domestic oven temperature · ≈ 425°F (NOT 450°F = 232°C) · Yorkshire pudding, crackling, initial roast blast · Preheat 20 minutes